Republic of Zambia

Navigating international regulations with confidence

Currency

Zambian Kwacha – ZMW

Official Language

English
 

Fiscal Year

1 Jan - 31 Dec

Payroll Frequency

Weekly, Bi-weekly & Monthly

Tax System and Regulations

Income Tax Structure

Zambia’s income tax structure is built around a progressive system that distinguishes between residents and non-residents. Residents are taxed on their worldwide income, while non-residents are taxed only on income earned within Zambia. Tax is applied according to a progressive rate structure based on individual earnings, with exemptions applicable to certain income thresholds. Pay As You Earn (PAYE) tax is applied to salaries, wages, overtime or leave pay, commission, fee, bonus, any benefit, advantage or allowance (excluding non-cash fringe benefits) and payments on taking up or leaving employment. Taxpayers may benefit from allowable deductions and exemptions, such as pension contributions and certain business-related expenses. Employers are responsible for withholding and remitting PAYE income tax on behalf of their workers. Social security contributions are also part of the broader payroll obligations. The Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) is responsible for the assessment, collection and enforcement of tax laws in the country.

Payroll Taxes

Employers are responsible for withholding PAYE each month and remitting it to the ZRA. Only employees contribute to PAYE; employers do not make any matching contributions. In addition to PAYE, both employers and employees are required to contribute to the National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA). Each party contributes 5% of the employee’s gross monthly earnings, up to an annual ceiling set by NAPSA. Employers must also pay a Skills Development Levy (SDL) to support vocational training and skills development initiatives across the country, which is calculated at 0.5% of the gross remunerations paid to employees. Additionally, contributions to fund Zambia’s national health insurance system are made to the National Health Insurance Management Authority (NHIMA) and are calculated at 1% of gross pay, equally split between the employer and employee at 0.5% each.

Tax Reporting and Payment Deadlines

Tax reporting and payment deadlines are structured to follow both monthly and annual schedules, depending on the tax type. Employers are required to remit monthly payroll deductions, such as PAYE, NAPSA contributions, the SDL and NHIMA contributions to the ZRA by the 10th of the month following the salary payment. Individuals are required to submit their annual income tax returns and settle any outstanding tax liabilities by 21 June of the following year. For those subject to provisional tax, payments are made in four equal instalments due on 31 March, 30 June, 30 September and 31 December, with each instalment payable by the 10th of the following month. As part of their obligations, employers must request Part 2 of Form ITF/P13 from any new employee (excluding casual workers) who has been employed earlier in the same tax year. This certificate provides details of the employee’s previous earnings and tax paid, enabling the employer to apply the cumulative PAYE method correctly. The employer must complete the form with the employee’s name, address and start date, and submit a copy to the ZRA within seven days of receiving it. Similarly, when an employee leaves, the old employer handles both parts – Part 1 goes to the ZRA and Part 2 goes to the employee. The employee must give Part 2 to their new employer, who uses it to continue tax deductions correctly.

Compliance and Record-keeping

Employers are required to comply with both tax and labour regulations by maintaining accurate and up-to-date employment and payroll records. Payroll documentation and record-keeping are governed by the Income Tax Act, the National Pension Scheme Act, the National Health Insurance Act and the Skills Development Levy Act. Employers are required to maintain accurate and up-to-date records of employee earnings, statutory deductions and contributions, including monthly PAYE returns (Form P11), NAPSA contribution schedules, NHIMA returns and SDL declarations. These records must be submitted electronically and retained for audit purposes for a minimum of six years. Employers must also ensure that their business profiles, leave and attendance policies, and payroll systems are standardised and compliant with local labour laws. Failure to meet payroll obligations can result in significant penalties. For example, late submission of PAYE returns may attract a penalty of 250 penalty units per month, while late payment incurs a surcharge of 5% of the unpaid amount plus interest at the Bank of Zambia discount rate plus two percentage points. Similar deadlines apply to NAPSA and NHIMA contributions.

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